In Medicare modifiers, what does the GX modifier indicate?

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In Medicare billing, when a service may not be covered, providers use an Advance Beneficiary Notice to inform the patient of potential charges. The GX modifier shows that a voluntary ABN was provided and accepted for the service in question. In other words, the patient was informed in advance that Medicare might not cover the service, and the patient agreed to be billed if Medicare denies the claim. This helps the payer see that the patient chose to take on the potential financial responsibility, and it separates voluntary ABN scenarios from other coverage decisions. If Medicare ends up paying, the ABN doesn’t change the payment outcome; if Medicare denies, the patient is billed per the ABN.